MANAGEMENT PROCESS - Job Migration & Side Effect of Globalization

Why is job migration considered to be a side effect of globalization? How is it being dealt with in the U.S.?

Answer: One controversial side effect to globalization is job migration, the shifting of jobs from one country to another. The U.S. economy has been a net loser to job migration while countries like China, India, and the Philippines are net gainers. Politicians and policymakers regularly debate the high costs of job migration as local workers lose jobs and their communities lose economic vitality. One side looks for new government policies to stop job migration and protect the jobs of U.S. workers. The other side calls for patience, believing that the national economy will strengthen and grow jobs in the long run as the global economy readjusts.

Source: Management, 11th Edition - John R. Schermerhorn

Management Process - 4 Functions of Management & Mintzberg's 10 Managerial Roles

Define each of the four functions of management and Mintzberg’s ten managerial roles. Describe how Mintzberg’s managerial roles might be used in performing the four functions of management.

Ans:   

The four functions of management are planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. Planning is the process of setting objectives and determining what actions should be taken to accomplish them. Organizing is the process of assigning tasks, allocating resources, and arranging and coordinating the activities of individuals and groups to implement plans. Leading is the process of arousing people’s enthusiasm to work hard and direct their efforts to fulfill plans and accomplish objectives. Controlling is the process of measuring work performance, comparing results to objectives, and taking corrective action as needed. 

Mintzberg’s managerial roles include the following: (a) interpersonal roles (figurehead, leader, and liaison) involve interactions with people inside and outside the work unit; (b) informational roles (monitor, disseminator, and spokesperson) involve giving, receiving, and analyzing information; and (c) decisional roles (entrepreneur, disturbance handler, resource allocator, and negotiator) involve using information to make decisions, solve problems, or address opportunities.

While all ten managerial roles might be used at one time or another in performing each of the four functions of management, many of them are more likely to be used in carrying out certain managerial functions. The entrepreneurial role, for instance, is closely linked to the managerial function of planning. In this role, direction is being set for the organization. The liaison, disseminator, and resource allocator roles are closely associated with organizing. The figurehead, leader, and spokesperson roles are closely aligned with leading. The monitor role is related primarily to controlling.

Source: Management, 11th Edition - John R. Schermerhorn

Management Process - 3 Levels of Management & Responsibilities of Managers

Define the three levels of management and explain the major responsibilities of managers at each level.

Ans: 

The three levels of management are top managers, middle managers, and team leaders or supervisors. Top managers ensure that major performance objectives are established and accomplished in accordance with the organization’s purpose. Top managers are responsible for the performance of an organization as a whole or for one of its larger parts. Middle managers are in charge of relatively large departments or divisions consisting of several smaller work units. Middle managers report to top managers and coordinate with peers to develop and implement action plans to accomplish organizational objectives. A team leader or supervisor is someone in charge of a smaller work unit composed of non-managerial workers. Team leaders or supervisors ensure that their work teams or units meet performance objectives that are consistent with the plans of middle and top management.

Source: Management, 11th Edition - John R. Schermerhorn

Management Process - Organization & Manager

What is an organization? What is a manager? Why do organizations need managers?

Ans: 

An organization is a collection of people working together to achieve a common purpose. A manager is a person in an organization who supports and is responsible for the work performance of one or more other persons. Every manager’s job includes the responsibility of helping other people to achieve high performance. Without this help, the efforts of the organization’s members probably would not be coordinated sufficiently to achieve the organization’s common purpose.

Source: Management, 11th Edition - John R. Schermerhorn