List
and discuss the four reasons for planning.
Answer
a. Planning establishes coordinated effort. It
gives direction to managers and nonmanagers alike. When employees know where
the organization or work unit is going and what they must contribute to reach
goals, they can coordinate their activities, cooperate with each other, and do
what it takes to accomplish those goals. Without planning, departments and
individuals might be working at cross-purposes, preventing the organization
from moving efficiently toward its goals.
b. Planning reduces uncertainty by forcing
managers to look ahead, anticipate change, consider the impact of change, and
develop appropriate responses. It also clarifies the consequences of actions
managers might take in response to change. Even though planning can’t eliminate
change, managers plan in order to anticipate changes and develop the most
effective response to them.
c. Planning reduces overlapping and wasteful
activities. When work activities are coordinated around established plans,
wasted time and resources and redundancy can be minimized. Furthermore, when
means and ends are made clear through planning, inefficiencies become obvious
and can be corrected or eliminated.
d. Planning establishes goals or standards
that are used in controlling. If managers are unsure of what they are trying to
accomplish, they will be unable to determine whether or not the goal has
actually been achieved. In planning, goals and plans are developed. Then,
through controlling, actual performance is compared against the goals,
significant deviations are identified, and necessary corrective action is
taken. Without planning, there would be no way to control.
Source:
Management, 11e (Robbins/Coulter)
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